At Paragon Surgical Specialists in Concord, NC, we are committed to providing expert colorectal care for patients in the region. We also encourage our patients and the community to seek colorectal cancer screening to help detect precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. Understanding the importance of colorectal cancer screening and knowing when to schedule one can significantly impact your health and long-term well-being. It is important to talk with your healthcare provider about your family history, any symptoms, and when to get your colorectal cancer screening.
March is Colon Cancer Awareness Month, an initiative that began in 2000 to raise awareness about colorectal cancer, a disease that remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women combined. But the good news is that colorectal cancer is highly preventable and treatable, especially when detected early through proper screening.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum, parts of the digestive system responsible for processing waste. The cancer often starts as small, benign polyps that gradually grow and, if left untreated, can become malignant.
Since these polyps often cause no symptoms, regular screening is crucial for detecting and removing them before they become cancerous. The earlier colorectal cancer is detected, the more effective the treatment can be.
Who is at Risk?
Several risk factors may affect the risk of developing colorectal cancer, including:
1. Family and Genetic Risk Factors:
- A family history of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps
- Hereditary conditions such as Lynch Syndrome or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
2. Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors:
- Being overweight or obese
- A diet high in red or processed meats and low in fiber
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Smoking and tobacco use
- Physical inactivity
Recognizing these risk factors and adopting a healthier lifestyle can reduce your risk. However, even those with no significant risk factors should follow screening guidelines.
Warning Signs and Symptoms
One of the most dangerous aspects of colorectal cancer is that it often develops silently. Many people do not experience any symptoms in the early stages. However, if symptoms do appear, they may include:
- Changes in bowel habits, such as persistent diarrhea or constipation
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal pain or cramping that does not go away
- Persistent feelings of needing to empty the bowels, even after doing so
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult with your doctor as soon as possible.
Importance of Colorectal Cancer Screening
Regular colorectal cancer screenings save lives by detecting the disease early when it is most treatable. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that adults at average risk of colorectal cancer begin screening at age 45. However, those with higher risk factors may need to start screening earlier.
Common Screening Methods
There are several effective screening options, including:
- Colonoscopy – Considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening, a colonoscopy allows a doctor to examine the entire colon and remove precancerous polyps during the procedure. This test is typically recommended every 10 years for individuals at average risk.
- Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) – A non-invasive stool test that detects hidden blood in the stool, which can indicate cancer or polyps. This test should be done annually.
- Stool DNA Test (Cologuard®) – A combination of DNA analysis and FIT testing that checks for genetic mutations associated with colorectal cancer. Recommended every three years.
- Flexible Sigmoidoscopy – A procedure that examines the lower part of the colon and rectum. Recommended every 5 years.
- CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) – A non-invasive imaging test that provides a detailed view of the colon. Recommended every 5 years.
Your doctor can help determine which screening method and when is best for you based on your age, medical history, and risk factors.
Colorectal Cancer Prevention
While screening is the most effective way to prevent colorectal cancer, lifestyle modifications can also help reduce your risk:
- Eat a healthy diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables
- Limit red and processed meats
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption
Making these changes, along with routine screenings, can greatly reduce your risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Don’t wait!
If you are 45 or older, or if you have risk factors for colorectal cancer, don’t wait—schedule your colorectal cancer screening today. Early detection can save your life.
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